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    --------------------------
    Cookie Utilities: Examples
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<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript"><!-- hide from old browsers

/*
    THE JAVASCRIPT COOKBOOK by Erica Sadun, webrx@mindspring.com
    Copyright (c)1998 by Charles River Media.  All Rights Reserved.
    
    This applet can only be re-used or modifed by license holders of the
    JavaScript Cookbook CD-ROM.  Credit must be given in the source
    code and this copyright notice must be maintained. If you do
    not hold a license to the JavaScript Cookbook, you may NOT
    duplicate or modify this code for your own use.

    Use at your own risk. No warranty is given or implied of the suitability 
    of this applet for any specific application. Neither Erica Sadun nor 
    Charles River Media will be held responsible for any unwanted effects 
    due to the use of this applet or any derivative. 
*/

// --------------------COOKIE STRING UTILITIES---------------------

// Substitute character string c2 for every c1 in aString
function subst(aString, c1, c2)
{
    if (aString == "") return aString
    if (c1 == "") return aString
    
    // avoid infinite recursion when substituting aa for a by
    // providing an offset into the string.
    var argc = subst.arguments.length
    if (argc < 4) {n = 0} else {n = subst.arguments[3]}

    // find the first occurence of c1 after the threshold
    var i = aString.indexOf(c1, n)
    
    // stop recursion and return the current string when c1 not found
    if (i < 0) return aString
    
    // extract substrings s1 and s2 around the c1
    var s1 = aString.substring(0, i)
    var s2 = aString.substring(i+c1.length, aString.length)
    
    // recurse with this new string
    return subst(s1+c2+s2, c1, c2, (i+c2.length))
}

// Strips a string of blanks on either end
function stripBlanks(aString)
{
    var tmp = ""+aString
    var bottom = 0
    var top = tmp.length
    
    if (tmp == "") return tmp
    
    while (tmp.substring(bottom, bottom + 1) == " ") bottom++
    if (bottom >= top) return("")
    
    while (tmp.substring(top - 1, top) == " ") top -= 1
    
    return (tmp.substring(bottom, top))
}

// Count Occurances of a Substring
function count(aString, aSubstring)
{
  // initialize counter and offset
  var count = 0
  var offset = 0
  var where = 0
  var tmp = ""+aString

  // search until no more found
  while ((offset < tmp.length) &&
           ((where = tmp.indexOf(aSubstring, offset)) >= 0))
  {
      count++
      offset = where+aSubstring.length
  }

  // return it    
  return count
}

// Encookie -- code spaces, semicolons and commas
function encookie(aString)
{
    var tmp = ""+aString
    tmp = subst(tmp,  " ", "%20")
    tmp = subst(tmp,  ",", "%2C")
    tmp = subst(tmp,  ";", "%3B")
    tmp = subst(tmp,  "=", "%3D")
    return tmp
}

// Decookie -- decode spaces, semicolons and commas
function decookie(aString)
{
    var tmp = ""+aString
    tmp = subst(tmp,  "%20", " ")
    tmp = subst(tmp,  "%2C", ",")
    tmp = subst(tmp,  "%3B", ";")
    tmp = subst(tmp,  "%3D", "=")
    return tmp
}

// Search for a substring and chop before it
function chopit(aString, aSubstring)
{
    var tmp = ""+aString
    if (tmp.length == 0) return tmp
    if (aSubstring.length == 0) return tmp

    var where
    if ((where = tmp.indexOf(aSubstring)) < 0) return tmp
    return (tmp.substring(0, where))
}

// Search for a substring and lop off everything after it
function lopit(aString, aSubstring)
{
    var tmp = ""+aString
    if (tmp.length == 0) return tmp
    if (aSubstring.length == 0) return tmp

    var where
    if ((where = tmp.indexOf(aSubstring)) < 0) return tmp
    return (tmp.substring(where+aSubstring.length, tmp.length))
}


//------------------STRING-ARRAY UTILITIES-------------------

// Find the substring at index n, counting 0 to n
function doIndex(aString, n)
{
    
    var str=""+aString
    
    // Count until the correct index
    for(var i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        var where = str.indexOf(':', 1)
        str = str.substring(where+1, str.length)
    }

    // Lop off the end of the string
    return str.substring(0, str.indexOf(':'))
}

//------------------CUSTOM GMT UTILITY-----------------------------

// Return the 3-letter symbol for month #n
function month(n)
{
    var m = "Jan:Feb:Mar:Apr:May:Jun:Jul:Aug:Sep:Oct:Nov:Dec:"
    return doIndex(m, n)
}

// Return the 3-letter symbol for day #n
function day(n)
{
    var d = "Sun:Mon:Tue:Wed:Thu:Fri:Sat:"
    return doIndex(d, n)
}

// A Custom "GMT" Function
function myGMT(d)
{
    tmp = day(d.getDay())+', '+d.getDate()+' '+month(d.getMonth())
    tmp += ' 19'+d.getYear()+' '

    if (d.getHours() < 10) tmp += '0'
    tmp += d.getHours()+':'
    
    if (d.getMinutes()< 10) tmp += '0'
    tmp += d.getMinutes()+':'
    
    if (d.getSeconds() < 10) tmp += '0'
    tmp += d.getSeconds()+" GMT"
    
    return tmp
}

// An Alternate "GMT" Function: NOTE! This--changed for hyphens and no (19)
function altGMT(d)
{
    tmp = day(d.getDay())+', '+d.getDate()+'-'+month(d.getMonth())
    tmp += '-'+d.getYear()+' '

    if (d.getHours() < 10) tmp += '0'
    tmp += d.getHours()+':'
    
    if (d.getMinutes()< 10) tmp += '0'
    tmp += d.getMinutes()+':'
    
    if (d.getSeconds() < 10) tmp += '0'
    tmp += d.getSeconds()
    
    return tmp
}
// --------------------COOKIE DATA UTILITIES---------------------

// Cookie Flattener
function flatten()
{
    var tmp = ""+this.name+"="+this.value
    tmp += (this.expires == null) ? "" : "; expires="+this.expires
    tmp += (this.path == null) ? "" : "; path="+this.path
    tmp += (this.domain == null) ? "" : "; domain="+this.domain
    tmp += (this.isSecure) ? "; secure" : ""
    return tmp
    
}

// Store Cookie in the jar.  This is counter-intuitive but it works.  You 
// use assignment, not addition.  Sigh.
function store() {document.cookie = this.flatten()}

// Set Name
function setName(aName){this.name = encookie(aName)}

// Set Value
function setValue(aValue){this.value = encookie(aValue)}

// Get Name
function getName(aName){this.name = decookie(aName)}

// Get Value
function getValue(aValue){this.value = decookie(aValue)}

// Check for WIN16 -- avoid the date bug
function isWin16()
{
    return (navigator.userAgent.toUpperCase().indexOf('WIN16') != -1)
}

// Expiration Times
function setExpires(howLong)
{
    var now = new Date()
    var epoch = isWin16() ? 0 : new Date(0)
    var msecs = now.getTime()
    var offset = now.getTimezoneOffset() * 60000
    
    var t = 0
    
    howLong = howLong.toLowerCase()
    
    // determine how long until expiration
    if (howLong == 'now')    t = msecs - (3600000 * 24 * 365) // overkill
    if (howLong == 'hour')   t = msecs + (3600000) // 60 minutes
    if (howLong == 'day')    t = msecs + (3600000 * 24) // 24 hours
    if (howLong == 'week')   t = msecs + (3600000 * 24 * 7) // 7 days
    if (howLong == 'month')  t = msecs + (3600000 * 24 * 30) // 30 days
    if (howLong == 'year')   t = msecs + (3600000 * 24 * 365) // 365 days

    // set the expiration
    exp = isWin16() ? (t - offset) : ((t - epoch.getTime()) - offset)
    now.setTime(exp)
    this.expires = myGMT(now)
    return this
}

// Turn on security
function secure(){this.isSecure = true}

// Turn off security
function unsecure(){this.isSecure = false}

// get rid of a cookie right now
function crumble()
{
    this.setExpires('now')
    this.store()
}

// revive a crumbled cookie
function uncrumble()
{
    this.expires = null
    this.store()
}

// Cookie Constructor
function JSCCookie(cname, cvalue)
{
    // Create and initialize cookie slots
    this.name = encookie(cname)   // readable and writeable
    this.value = encookie(cvalue) // readable and writeable
    this.expires = null // writeable
    this.isSecure = false // writeable
    this.path = null    // writeable
    this.domain = null  // writeable
    
    // Set cookie methods
    this.setExpires = setExpires
    this.crumble = crumble
    this.uncrumble = uncrumble
    this.flatten = flatten
    this.store = store
    this.secure = secure
    this.unsecure = unsecure
    
    this.setName = setName
    this.getName = getName
    this.setValue = setValue
    this.getValue = getValue
}

// --------------------COOKIE JAR UTILITIES---------------------

// find a cookie by partial string
function findCookie(name)
{
    num_in_jar = Math.min(document.cookie.length, 
        count(document.cookie, ';')+1)
    
    if (num_in_jar != 0)
    {
        var tmp = ""+document.cookie
        for (var i = 0; i < num_in_jar; i++)
        {
            var crumb = stripBlanks(chopit(tmp, ";"))
            tmp = lopit(tmp, ";")
            var    cname = decookie(chopit(crumb, "="))
            if (cname.indexOf(name) >= 0) return crumb
        }
    }
    return null
}

// Fetch a value (by partial string)
function fetch(name)
{
    var crumb = findCookie(name)
    if (crumb == null) return null
    
    var    cname = decookie(chopit(crumb, "="))
    var cvalue = decookie(lopit(crumb, "="))
    if (cname.indexOf(name) >= 0) return cvalue
    return null
}

// Fetch a name (by partial string)
function fetchName(name)
{
    var crumb = findCookie(name)
    if (crumb == null) return null

    var    cname = decookie(chopit(crumb, "="))
    var cvalue = decookie(lopit(crumb, "="))
    if (cname.indexOf(name) >= 0) return cname
    return null
}

// Fetch a particular cookie (by partial string)
function fetchCookie(name)
{
    var crumb = findCookie(name)
    if (crumb == null) return null

    var    cname = decookie(chopit(crumb, "="))
    var cvalue = decookie(lopit(crumb, "="))
    if (cname.indexOf(name) >= 0)
    {
        var c = new JSCCookie(cname, cvalue)
        return c
    }
    return null
}

// --------------------COOKIE INFO UTILITIES---------------------

// Cookie Information
function cookiePeek()
{
    size_in_jar = document.cookie.length
    num_in_jar = Math.min(document.cookie.length, 
        count(document.cookie, ';')+1)

    if (num_in_jar != 0)
    {
        document.write("<b>Current Cookies:</b> "+
            document.cookie+"<p><blockquote>")
        var tmp = ""+document.cookie
        var crumb, cname, cvalue
        for (var i = 0; i < num_in_jar; i++)
        {
            crumb = chopit(tmp, ";")
            tmp = lopit(tmp, ";")

            cname = decookie(chopit(crumb, "="))
            cvalue = decookie(lopit(crumb, "="))
            
            document.write("<b>Name:</b> <FONT COLOR='770000'>"+cname+"</FONT> ")
            document.write("<b>Value:</b> <FONT COLOR='770000'>"+cvalue+"<br></FONT>")
        }
        document.write("</blockquote>")
    }
    else
        document.write("<b>The Cookie Jar is <FONT COLOR='770000'>Empty</FONT>.</b><br>")
        
    document.write('There are a total of '+num_in_jar+' cookies taking up '+
        size_in_jar+' bytes<p>')
}

// --------------------FORMAT UTILITIES---------------------

function comment(aString)
{
    document.write("<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR='007777'><b>")
    document.write(aString)
    document.write("</b></FONT><br>")
}

function observe(aString)
{
    document.write("<FONT SIZE=3 COLOR='007777'>")
    document.write(aString)
    document.write("</FONT><BR>")
}

function pre()
{
    var l = pre.arguments.length
    document.write("<PRE><FONT SIZE=3 COLOR='770000'>")
        for (var i = 0; i < l; i++)
        {
            document.writeln(pre.arguments[i])
        }
    document.write("</FONT></PRE>")
}

<!-- done hiding --></SCRIPT></HEAD>

<BODY BGCOLOR="FFFFFF">

<FONT COLOR="007777"><H1><IMG SRC="../GRAFX/UTENS.JPG" WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=50
    ALIGN = LEFT>The JavaScript Cookbook Cookie Routines</H1></FONT>
<BLOCKQUOTE><FONT COLOR="770000">Use these routines to set and retrieve 
persistent data from the user's site. Cookies are small pieces of
data that can be stored between visits to your page.  Use cookies to:<ul>
    <li> Save biographical information to reduce typing
    <li> Show new information that dates after the last visit.
    <li> Store reminders and to-do information
    <li> Remember user preferences
    <li> ... and much more
</ul> 
These examples progress through an entire series of transactions which
use the JavaScript Cookbook Cookie library.  The library calls are shown 
for each example. These are not standard Cookie calls, but ones that 
have been developed especially for this CD-ROM and are now made available
to you. These routines make cookie-baking a pleasure rather than a 
chore.<p>

These examples use the "Acme" sample data from the official Netscape
<a href="http://www.netscape.com/newsref/std/cookie_spec.html" 
target="JCLangRef">HTTP Cookies</A> 
reference sheet.  This helps the reader orient between these
JavaScript Cookbook routines and the built-in Netscape JavaScript routines.
<font size=2>(This link may change without prior notice).</font><p>

An important note. In early versions of Netscape Navigator, cookies will
expire immediately unless their path is set to "/". 
</BLOCKQUOTE>
</FONT>

<BR><BR>

<SCRIPT>
    comment("Start with a (probably) empty jar")
    pre(
        'cookiePeek()')
    cookiePeek()

    comment("Create a new Customer")
    pre(
        'var myCookie = new JSCCookie("CUSTOMER", "Wile E. Coyote")',
        'myCookie.store()',
        'cookiePeek()')
    var myCookie = new JSCCookie("CUSTOMER", "Wile E. Coyote")
    myCookie.store()
    cookiePeek()
    
    comment("Create a Part Number")
    pre(
        'var newCookie = new JSCCookie("Part_Number", "Rocket Launcher 0001")',
        'newCookie.store()',
        'cookiePeek()')
    var newCookie = new JSCCookie("Part_Number", "Rocket Launcher 0001")
    newCookie.store()
    cookiePeek()
    
    comment("Crumble the customer")
    pre('myCookie.crumble()',
        'cookiePeek()')
    myCookie.crumble()
    cookiePeek()
    
    comment("Secure the launcher and peek")
    pre('newCookie.secure()','newCookie.store()',
        'cookiePeek()')
    newCookie.secure()
    newCookie.store()
    cookiePeek()
    
    comment("Unsecure the launcher and peek")
    pre('newCookie.unsecure()','newCookie.store()',
        'cookiePeek()')
    newCookie.unsecure()
    newCookie.store()
    cookiePeek()

    comment("Crumble the launcher")
    pre('newCookie.crumble()',
        'cookiePeek()')
    newCookie.crumble()
    cookiePeek()
    
    comment("'Uncrumble' the cookies by setting expires to null")
    pre(
        'newCookie.uncrumble()',
        'myCookie.uncrumble()',
        'cookiePeek()')
    newCookie.uncrumble()
    myCookie.uncrumble()
    cookiePeek()
    
    comment("Set the Customer domain to .acme.com")
    pre(
        'myCookie.domain = \'.acme.com\'',
        'myCookie.store()',
        'cookiePeek()')
    myCookie.domain = '.acme.com'
    myCookie.store()
    cookiePeek()    

    comment("Reset the domain to null")
    pre(
        'myCookie.domain = null',
        'myCookie.store()',
        'cookiePeek()')
    myCookie.domain = null
    myCookie.store()
    cookiePeek()    

    comment("Set the Customer path to /foo")
    pre(
        'myCookie.path = \'/foo\'',
        'myCookie.store()',
        'cookiePeek()')
    myCookie.path = '/foo'
    myCookie.store()
    cookiePeek()    

    comment("Reset the domain to null")
    pre(
        'myCookie.path = null',
        'myCookie.store()',
        'cookiePeek()')
    myCookie.path = null
    myCookie.store()
    cookiePeek()
    
    comment("Fetch the customer")
    pre(
        'var tmp = fetchCookie(\'CUSTOM\')',
        'observe(\'Fetched: \'+tmp.flatten())',
        'observe(\'Fetched: \'+fetch(\'CUSTOM\'))')
    var tmp = fetchCookie('CUSTOM')
    observe('Fetched: '+tmp.flatten())
    observe('Fetched: '+fetch('CUSTOM'))
    document.write("<P>")
    
    comment("Crumble the two cookies")
    pre(
        'newCookie.crumble()',
        'myCookie.crumble()',
        'cookiePeek()')
    newCookie.crumble()
    myCookie.crumble()
    cookiePeek()

    
</SCRIPT>

<h5>Copyright &copy;1996 by Charles River Media, All Rights Reserved</h5>
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